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Federal Tax

How to Elect Portability (DSUE) on Form 706 in 2026

Portability lets the surviving spouse add the deceased spouse’s unused federal estate tax exemption (the DSUE amount) to their own. For 2026 that means a couple can shield $30 million instead of $15 million. But portability is not automatic — the deceased spouse’s estate must elect it on Form 706. This guide covers the mechanics, the deadline, and the common traps.

What portability does

The executor elects to let the surviving spouse use the deceased spouse’s unused exclusion (the DSUE). Without the election, the first spouse’s exemption is lost. With it, the combined federal shelter is $30 million in 2026.

The filing requirement

The executor files Form 706 (Estate Tax Return) and makes the portability election, even when no tax is due. Many estates that owe $0 still must file solely to lock in portability for the survivor.

Deadline and simplified filing

The general deadline is 9 months after death, with a 6-month extension available. The IRS permits a simplified Form 706 — without a full asset valuation — for estates below the filing threshold that only need the portability election. Late elections can be permitted for certain estates under Rev. Proc. 2022-32.

Traps to avoid

The biggest trap is simply forgetting to file: no Form 706 means no portability and a lost exemption. Also watch remarriage and a prior DSUE from an earlier spouse; states that do not recognize portability (Massachusetts is one) where a credit-shelter trust may still be needed; and the fact that the DSUE is fixed at the deceased spouse’s applicable exclusion and is not inflation-adjusted for the survivor.

Model the savings

Estimate the benefit with our Estate Tax Simulator, and review the underlying concept in What Is Portability (DSUE)?.

Frequently asked questions

Is portability automatic?
No. The deceased spouse’s executor must file Form 706 and make the portability election; otherwise the unused exemption is lost.
What is the deadline to elect portability?
Generally 9 months after death, extendable by 6 months. A simplified Form 706 is available for estates under the filing threshold that only need the election.
How much can a couple shield with portability in 2026?
$30 million ($15 million each) when the surviving spouse elects and uses the deceased spouse’s unused federal exemption.
Do all states allow portability?
The federal election applies to federal tax, but some states — Massachusetts, for example — do not recognize portability for their state estate tax, so a credit-shelter trust may still be necessary.
Related tools: Federal calculator, By state, Simulator, Inheritance tax, All guides.
Not legal or tax advice. Estate and inheritance tax is determined by a court or tax authority using your actual filings. Online estimators provide an informal planning figure only. Laws and exemption amounts change every year — always confirm the current rule with the IRS, your state Department of Revenue, or a licensed estate attorney or CPA before relying on any number.